Design and Analysis of On-grid 150 kW Bifacial Solar Photovoltaic System

Document Type : Research Article

Authors
Fadhil Mahmood Oleiwi 1
Jaber O. Dahloos 2
Raheem Hussein Rhaif 3
Salam Waley Shneen 1
1 Energy and Renewable Energies Technology Center, University of Technology, Baghdad, P.O. Box:10066-Iraq
2 Research of Environment and Renewable Energy, Karbala University, Karbala, P.O. Box:1152- Iraq
3 Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sumer, Rifai, P.O. Box: 64001, Iraq
10.22059/jser.2026.409047.1699
Abstract
The use of renewable energy, especially solar photovoltaic power, is essential for energy efficiency and reduces emissions that harm the environment and human health. In this study, a 150 kW on-grid photovoltaic system was designed and analysed by PV-sys software. The work's location near the river keeps the site cooler. The modules use a bifacial design, which offers high efficiency and a low annual degradation rate of about 1%. The optimum tilt angle, spacing between modules, and module height above the ground are 30°, 6m, and 1.5m, respectively. The rooftop and ceiling areas of the garage are sufficient for installing the system. The annual incident irradiance, output power, and PR are 2033.9 kWh/m2, 268.169 MWh, and 85.89%, respectively. The total CO2 emission is 5697.1 t. The cost of the system is 150,000,000 $. At the local tariff of $0.0066-$0.023/kWh, the payback period is 6.6 years. The realized profits exceed 200% of the cost price in just twenty years. Installing the current system, providing heat insulation for the building's rooftop and garage ceiling. Also, free energy without gas emission, and new jobs. Compared to a hybrid system of the same capacity.
Keywords
Photovoltaic
PV-sys
Renewable energy
Carbon dioxide emissions
Bifacial module
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Journal of Solar Energy Research
Volume 11, Issue 3
Summer 2026
Pages 3909-3923