Journal of Solar Energy Research

Design and Analysis of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic-Battery Hybrid Energy System for Remote Area Electrification: A Case Study of Kakuma, Kenya

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Department of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Poland & Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Vermont, USA

2 Department of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Poland

3 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Nigeria

4 Department of Electrical Engineering Technology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa

5 Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Ashesi University, Ghana

6 Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa

7 Department of Finance, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Nigeria

8 Department of Material and Metallurgical Engineering, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Nigeria

9 Department of Bio-Resources Engineering, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Nigeria

10 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria

10.22059/jser.2025.379520.1439

Abstract

This study presents comprehensive research on the potential of photovoltaic systems to improve electricity access in Kakuma, Kenya that houses a United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees camp. The study uses Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) to assess viability from economic, environmental and technical standpoints for proposed hybrid resource energy system (HRES). Among the five configurations, configuration 2 that consists of utility grid, photovoltaic system, battery and converter is the most suitable solution due to the limited grid infrastructure with levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of $0.119/kWh, net present cost (NPC) of $8.38 million and annualized savings of $203,027. It can be established from the outcomes of the study that the values of LCEO, NPC, energy purchased from the grid, CO2 emission and operating cost have reduced by 30.59%, 24.50%, 42.48%, 42.48% and 38.49% when compared to the base system (grid only). The sensitivity analysis revealed that the availability of solar resources is the most significant factor that influences the economic feasibility of the power system. The study provides valuable insights into the potential of solar resources to expand energy access in remote regions while demonstrating that HRES is a feasible solution for the electrification of rural communities.

Keywords

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Journal of Solar Energy Research
Volume 10, Issue 2
April 2025
Pages 2384-2405