A Distributed Control Strategy for Load Sharing and Harmonic Compensation in Islanded PV-based Microgrids
Document Type : Original Article
Author
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
10.22059/jser.2024.371687.1377
Abstract
In recent years, the use of photovoltaic (PV) systems has grown significantly in distribution systems and microgrids (MGs). The PV systems are connected to the MG through an interface inverter. However, when multiple PV inverters are paralleled in a MG, load sharing among PV inverters and their coordinated control to compensate for voltage disturbances become critical challenges. This paper proposes a novel control strategy to guarantee power quality in PV-based islanded MGs. In the proposed strategy, each PV system has a primary control level and a secondary control level. The primary control level of PVs consists of fundamental and harmonic virtual impedance loops that improve fundamental power sharing and distortion power sharing among PV inverters, respectively. In the proposed strategy, the secondary control levels along with the primary controllers are implemented locally to reduce disturbances in the communication system. This control level includes voltage and frequency restoration units and a harmonic compensation unit that generates appropriate control signals and directs the compensation of voltage disturbances in the MG load bus. The simulation results have confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed strategy for fundamental and non-fundamental power sharing among PVs and increasing power quality in islanded MGs with different resource capacities.
Keywords
[1] Wang, Y., Tang, J., Si, J., Xiao, X., Zhou, P., Zhao. J. (2023). Power quality enhancement in islanded microgrids via closed-loop adaptive virtual impedance control. Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems, 8(10), 1-17.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s41601-023-00284-z.
[2] Lingampalli, B. R., Kotamraju, S. R., (2022). Analysis of passive islanding detection techniques for double line fault in three phase microgrid system. Advances in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 20(2), 115-130.
[3] Li, S., Oshnoei, A., Blaabjerg, F., Anvari-Moghaddam, A., (2023). Hierarchical Control for Microgrids: A Survey on Classical and Machine Learning-Based Methods. Sustainability, 15(11), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15118952.
[4] Alonsoa, A. M. S., Brandaoc, D. I., Caldognettod, T., Marafaoa, F. P., Mattavelli, P., (2020). A selective harmonic compensation and power control approach exploiting distributed electronic converters in microgrids. International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 115(1), 1-15.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2019.105452.
[5] Savaghebi, M., Jalilian, A., Vasquez, J. C., Guerrero, JM., (2012). Secondary control for voltage quality enhancement in microgrids,” IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 3(4), 1893-1902. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2012.2205281.
[6] Savaghebi, M., Jalilian, A., Vasquez, J. C., Guerrero, JM., (2012). Secondary control scheme for voltage unbalance compensation in an islanded droop-controlled microgrid. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 3(2), 797-807. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2011.2181432.
[7] Savaghebi, M., Vasquez, J. C., Jalilian, A., Guerrero, JM., (2013). Selective compensation of Voltage harmonics in grid-connected microgrids. International Journal of Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, 91(1), 211-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matcom.2012.05.015.
[8] Fani B., Zandi, F., Karami-Horestani, A., (2018). An enhanced decentralized reactive power sharing strategy for inverter-based microgrid. International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 98(1), 531-542.
[9] Golsorkhi, M. S., Lu, D. D., Guerrero, J. M., (2017). A GPS-based decentralized control method for islanded microgrids. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 32(2), 1615-1625.
[10] Mousavi, S.Y.M., Jalilian, A., Savaghebi, M., Guerrero, J.M., (2018). Autonomous control of current and voltage controlled DG interface inverters for reactive power sharing and harmonics compensation in islanded microgrids. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 33(11), 9375-86. https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2018.2792780.
[11] Zhang, Z., Gao, S., Zhong, C., Zhang, Z., Rodríguez, F. J., (2023). Accurate Active and Reactive Power Sharing Based on a Modified Droop Control Method for Islanded Microgrids. Sensors, 23(14), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146269.
[12] Farokhian-Firuzi, M., Roosta, A., Gitizadeh, M., (2019). Stability analysis and decentralized control of inverter-based ac microgrid. Protection and Control of Modern Power System, 4(1), 1-24. https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41601019-0120-x.
[13] Rashwan, A., Mikhaylov, A., Senjyu, T., Eslami, M., Hemeida, A.M., Osheba, D.S.M, (2023). Modified Droop Control for Microgrid Power-Sharing Stability Improvement. Sustainability, 15(14), 11220. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151411220.
[14] Wang, H., Zeng, G., Dai, Y., (2021). Research on modified droop control of distributed generation units by adaptive population-based external optimization. Power System Protection and Control, 45(7), 2483–2491.
[15] Chen, H., Tang, Z., Lu, J., et al. (2021). Research on optimal dispatch of a microgrid based on CVaR quantitative uncertainty. Power System Protection and Control, 49(5), 105–115.
[16] Sahoo, B., Alhaider, M. M., Rout, P. K., (2023). Power quality and stability improvement of microgrid through shunt active filter control application: An overview. Renewable Energy Focus, 44(1), 139-173.
[17] Wang, X., Blaabjerg, F., Chen, Z., (2014). Autonomous control of inverter-interfaced Distributed Generation units for harmonic current iltering and resonance damping in an islanded micro-grid. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 50(1), 452-461. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2013.2268734.
[18] Hosseinpour, M., Kholousi, A., (2023). Design and Analysis of LCL-type Grid-Connected PV Power Conditioning System Based on Positive Virtual Impedance Capacitor-Current Feedback Active Damping. Journal of Solar Energy Research, 8(2), 1497-1515.
https://doi.org/10.22059/jser.2023.357089.1286
[19] Zhou, J., et al. (2018). Consensus-based distributed control for accurate reactive, harmonic and imbalance power sharing in microgrids. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 9(4), 2453–2467. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2016.2613143.
[20] Gao, Y., Ai, Q., (2018). Distributed cooperative optimal control architecture for AC microgrid with renewable generation and storage. International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 96(1), 324-334.
[21] Sreekumar, P., Khadkikar, V., (2017). Direct control of the inverter impedance to achieve controllable harmonic sharing in the islanded microgrid. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 64(1), 827–837.
[22] Guerrero, J. M., Matas, J., Vicuña, L. G., Castilla, M., Miret, J., (2017). Decentralized Control for Parallel Operation of Distributed Generation Inverters Using Resistive Output Impedance. IEEE Transaction on Industrial Electronics, 54(2), 994-1004. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2007.892621.
[23] Shafiee, Q., Guerrero, J. M., Vasquez, J. C., (2014). Distributed Secondary Control for Islanded Microgrids-A Novel Approach. IEEE Transaction on Power Electronics, 29(2), 1018-1031. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2013.2259506.
[24] Lian, Z., Wen, C., Guo, F., Lin, P., Wu, Q., (2023). Decentralized secondary control for frequency restoration and power allocation in islanded AC microgrids. International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 148(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108927.
[25] Sai Thrinath, B. V., Venkata Ramana, C., Meghya Nayak, B., Yashashwini, B., Kumar, N. M., Ezhilvannan, P., (2023). An Uninterrupted Fuzzy-Based PV-BES System for Improving Power Quality in Grid Connected Systems. Journal of Solar Energy Research, 8(3), 1622-1634.
https://doi.org/10.22059/jser.2023.359127.1304
[26] Xin, H., Zhang, L., Wang, Z., Gan, D., Wong, K. P., (2015). Control of Island AC Microgrids Using a Fully Distributed Approach. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 6(2), 943–945. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2014.2378694.
[27] Ibacache, R. P., Yazdani, A., Silva, C., Agüero, J. C., (2019). Decentralized Unified Control for Inverter-Based AC Microgrids Subject to Voltage Constraints. IEEE Access, 7(1), 157318-157329. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2944898.
[28] Gu, W., Lou, G., Tan, W., Yuan, X., (2017). A nonlinear state estimator-based decentralized secondary voltage control scheme for autonomous microgrids. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 32(6), 4794-804.
[29] Khayat, Y., Naderi, M., Shafiee, Q., Batmani, Y., Fathi, M., Guerrero, JM., Bevrani, H., (2019). Decentralized optimal frequency control in autonomous microgrids. IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, 34(3), 2345-2353. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2018.2889671.
[30] Vasquez, JC., Guerrero, JM., Savaghebi, M., Carrasco, E. G., Teodorescu, R., (2013). Modeling, Analysis, and Design of Stationary Reference Frame Droop Controlled Parallel Three-Phase Voltage Source Inverters. IEEE Transaction on Industrial Electronics, 60(4), 1271-1280. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2012.2194951.
[31] Mohammadzadeh, M., Ketabi, A., (2021). Single and Three Phases Sensitive Load Compensation by Electric Spring Using Proportional-Resonant and Repetitive Controllers. Journal of Solar Energy Research, 6(2), 713-725.
https://doi.org/10.22059/JSER.2021.317583.1190
[32] IEEE Standard 1459 (2010). IEEE Standard Definitions for the Measurement of Electric Power Quantities under Sinusoidal, Non-sinusoidal, Balanced, or Unbalanced Conditions. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEESTD.2010.5439063.
)