Analysis and Design of a New DC-DC Converter for DC Smart Grid

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Electrical Engineering Department, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran

2 Electrical Engineering Department, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.

10.22059/jser.2023.357223.1290

Abstract

Due to the increasing penetration of distributed generation systems, the desire to use DC smart grids has increased. DC smart grids are preferred to AC grids because these networks are more compatible with renewable sources that generate DC electricity. This paper presents the design of a new three-port isolated DC-DC converter for photovoltaic (PV)-battery application in the DC smart grid. In the proposed converter, by combining the required converters for PV and battery, the number of required converters has been reduced so that the function of charging/discharging the battery, as well as tracking the maximum power point of solar panels, can be done with the proposed converter. As a result, the number of required parts and the cost of the system are reduced and the efficiency of the converter increases. Finally, the converter's performance has been evaluated with the help of analysis and simulation, and the obtained results indicate the proper performance of the proposed converter.

Keywords

[1] Z. W. Khan, H. Minxiao, C. Kai, L. Yang, and A. U. Rehman, (2020). “State of the Art DC-DC Converter Topologies for the Multi-Terminal DC Grid Applications: A Review,” in 2020 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Smart Grid and Renewable Energy (PESGRE2020), 1–7.
[2] H. Yang and M. Saeedifard, (2017). “A Capacitor Voltage Balancing Strategy With Minimized AC Circulating Current for the DC–DC Modular Multilevel Converter,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron, 64(2), 956–965.
[3] G. P. Adam, I. A. Gowaid, S. J. Finney, D. Holliday, and B. W. Williams, (2016). “Review of dc–dc converters for multiā€terminal HVDC transmission networks,” IET Power Electron, 9(2), 281–296.
[4] L. Park, Y. Jang, S. Cho, and J. Kim, (2017). “Residential Demand Response for Renewable Energy Resources in Smart Grid Systems,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Informatics, 13(6), 3165–3173.
[5] C. S. Lim and K. J. Lee, (2017). “Nonisolated two-phase bidirectional DC-DC converter with zero-voltage-transition for battery energy storage system,” J. Electr. Eng. Technol, 12(6), 2237–2246.
[6] S. Liu, X. Liu, and Y.-F. Liu, (2015). “Analysis on feedback interconnections of cascaded DC-DC converter systems,” in 2015 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), 5160–5166.
[7] H. Li et al, (2022). “A Describing Function-Based Stability Analysis Method for Cascaded DC-DC Converters,” IEEE Open J. Ind. Electron. Soc, 484–495.
[8] N. Mukherjee and D. Strickland, (2015). “Control of Cascaded DC-DC Converter Based Hybrid Battery Energy Storage Systems: Part – I: Stability Issue,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron, 63(4), 1–4.
[9] B. Sri Revathi and M. Prabhakar, (2016). “Non isolated high gain DC-DC converter topologies for PV applications– A comprehensive review,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev, 920–933.
[10] L. Schmitz, D. C. Martins, and R. F. Coelho, (2020). “Comprehensive Conception of High Step-Up DC–DC Converters With Coupled Inductor and Voltage Multipliers Techniques,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst, 67(6), 2140–2151.
[11] Xiaofeng Zhang, Wei Chen, and Zhengyu Lu, (2008). “Key technologies of digital-current-controlled Bidirectional DC-DC converter in the hybrid electric vehicle,” in 2008 IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 3104–3109.
[12] H. S. Lee and J. J. Yun, (2019). “High-Efficiency Bidirectional Buck-Boost Converter for Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Systems in a Smart Grid,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 34(5), 4316–4328.
[13] R. Zhu, F. Hoffmann, N. Vazquez, K. Wang, and M. Liserre, (2020). “Asymmetrical Bidirectional DC–DC Converter With Limited Reverse Power Rating in Smart Transformer,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron, 35(7), 6895–6905.
[14] B. S. Revathi and M. Prabhakar, (2022). “Solar PV Fed DC Microgrid: Applications, Converter Selection, Design and Testing,” IEEE Access, 87227–87240.
[15] J. C. Rosas-Caro, F. Mancilla-David, J. C. Mayo-Maldonado, J. M. Gonzalez-Lopez, H. L. Torres-Espinosa, and J. E. Valdez-Resendiz, (2013). “A Transformer-less High-Gain Boost Converter With Input Current Ripple Cancelation at a Selectable Duty Cycle,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron, 60(10), 4492–4499.
[16] P. K. Maroti, S. Padmanaban, J. B. Holm-Nielsen, M. Sagar Bhaskar, M. Meraj, and A. Iqbal, (2019). “A New Structure of High Voltage Gain SEPIC Converter for Renewable Energy Applications,” IEEE Access, 89857–89868.
[17] R. A. Mastromauro, S. Pugliese, D. Ricchiuto, S. Stasi, and M. Liserre, (2015).  “DC Multibus based on a Single-Star Bridge Cells Modular Multilevel Cascade Converter for DC smart grids,” in 2015 International Conference on Clean Electrical Power (ICCEP), 55–60.
[18] R. Faraji, L. Ding, T. Rahimi, H. Farzanehfard, H. Hafezi, and M. Maghsoudi, (2021). “Efficient Multi-Port Bidirectional Converter With Soft-Switching Capability for Electric Vehicle Applications,” IEEE Access, 107079–107094.
[19] S. Mukherjee, D. Mukherjee, and D. Kastha, (2019). “Multiport Soft-Switching Bidirectional DC-DC Converter for Hybrid Energy Storage Systems” in 2019 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), 2103–2109.
[20] M. Sarvi, S. Ahmadi, and S. Abdi. (2015). “A PSO-based maximum power point tracking for photovoltaic systems under environmental and partially shaded conditions,” Prog. Photovoltaics Res, 23(2), 201–214.
[21] M. a S. Masoum and M. Sarvi, (2005). “A new fuzzy-based maximum power point tracker for photovoltaic applications,” Iran. J. Electr. Electron. Eng, 28–35.
[22] K. Nanshikar and A. Desai, (2016). “Simulation of P & O Algorithm using Boost Converter,” IJIREEICE, 4(2), 130–135.
[23] M. Sarvi and A. Azadian, (2021). “A comprehensive review and classified comparison of MPPT algorithms in PV systems,” Energy Syst, 13(2), 281-320.
[24] M. A. S. Masoum and M. Sarvi, (2008). “Voltage and current based MPPT of solar arrays under variable insolation and temperature conditions,” in 2008 43rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference, 1–5.
[25]s A. A. de Melo Bento and E. R. Cabral da Silva, (2016). “Dual input single switch DC-DC converter for renewable energy applications,” in 2016 12th IEEE International Conference on Industry Applications, 1–8.
[26] Y. Hu, W. Xiao, W. Cao, B. Ji, and D. J. Morrow, (2015). “Three-Port DC–DC Converter for Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Systems,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron, 30(6), 3068–3076.
[27] T. Nouri, S. H. Hossein, E. Babaei, and J. Ebrahimi, (2016). “A non-isolated three-phase high step-up DC–DC converter suitable for renewable energy systems.” Electric Power Systems Research, 140(16), 209-224.
[28] Ren L, Zhang L, Gong C, (2020). “ESR Estimation Schemes of Output Capacitor for Buck Converter from Capacitor Perspective.” Journal of Electronics, 9(10), 1596-1608.
[29] P. Wang, P. Ren, X. Lu, W. Wang, and D. Xu, (2021). “Topology Analysis and Power Sharing Control of a Two-Stage Three-Port Hybrid Energy Storage Converter for DC Microgrids,” IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 9(1), 647–665.
[30] Z. N. Jan, (2021). “Microgrid: Innovation, Challenges and Prospects,” Int. J. Res. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol, 9(10), 484–489.
[31] P. Prabhakaran and V. Agarwal, (2020). “Novel Four-Port DC–DC Converter for Interfacing Solar PV–Fuel Cell Hybrid Sources with Low-Voltage Bipolar DC Microgrids,” IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Top. Power Electron, 8(2), 1330–1340.