University of TehranJournal of Solar Energy Research2588-30979120240101A Combination of SWHs and PVs Mounted on the Façade of a Building to Reduce Energy-Consuming173817549579610.22059/jser.2024.364971.1347ENNargesLoghmaniFaculty member, Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, Iran0000-0003-4675-2921AyoubKhosraviFaculty member, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-3304-3272Journal Article20230906This study aims to enhance the energy efficiency in cold climates, specifically Shahrekord, by exploring the integration of solar water heater systems and photovoltaic panels into building facades. Employing TSOL 2021 R(3) and HOMER V.2.81 software, this research adopts a novel approach to address the energy efficiency challenge. The placement of solar equipment on the southern facade yields a 44.6% increase in electricity generation and a 59.3% rise in heat production compared to the western facade. This significant difference is attributed to the larger collectors and optimal orientation in Scenario 1, resulting in a remarkable 45% greater reduction in pollutant emissions. The primary losses in the first scenario are associated with optical inefficiencies, whereas thermal inefficiencies in the solar collector drive losses in the second scenario. Despite having more solar panels, electricity costs are 19% lower in the first scenario, contributing to a higher proportion of solar electricity. This research provides valuable insights into optimizing energy efficiency in cold climates through strategic solar equipment placement, emphasizing the economic and environmental advantages of such integrations.https://jser.ut.ac.ir/article_95796_ab394d02d9f7f2a94129e98f481f52f0.pdfUniversity of TehranJournal of Solar Energy Research2588-30979120240101Fault Tolerant Multilevel Inverter Using Artificial Neural Network175517629585610.22059/jser.2024.359461.1309ENEhsanNajafiQom university of technology0000-0002-3905-356xRoozbehRajabiQom university of technologyNimaBayatQom university of technology0009-0000-1784-614XJournal Article20230528Inverters have been widely used in renewable energy as a means of converting extracted power to grid standards. However, this power electronics equipment is highly vulnerable to failures due to its complex architecture and components. One of the main sources of failure is semiconductor switches that are critically sensitive to abnormal conditions such as high voltage. With the advent of multilevel inverters, this concern has been raised considerably due to the increase in the number of switches. This paper has proposed a novel method with a neural network that can detect open circuit failure of switches and replace them with some new arrangement in the inverter so that it can run effectively. Simulations with MATLAB/Simulink for a seven level inverter, illustrate that with a switch failure, the multilevel inverter can work successfully. Results also demonstrate that this method is fast and can compensate for the output in less than two cycles. Therefore, it can be used in reliable multilevel applications in which the power flow should be achieved even if a semiconductor switch is broken.https://jser.ut.ac.ir/article_95856_6963d79bb9a49488227a7092e8308322.pdfUniversity of TehranJournal of Solar Energy Research2588-30979120240101Short Term Forecasting of Solar Irradiance Using Ensemble CNN-BiLSTM-MLP Model Combined with Error Minimization and CEEMDAN Pre-Processing Technique176317799711910.22059/jser.2024.369290.1363ENRijul KumarSrivastavaDepartment of Mechatronics Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India0009-0001-8307-6478AnujGuptaDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India0009-0001-8307-6478Journal Article20231208Solar energy forecasting is necessary due to its variable and fluctuating nature, but it is also a challenge to predict accurately behaviour of solar irradiation. To capture this, the proposed methodology uses an<strong> </strong>ensemble model combined with error minimization and CEEMDAN Pre-processing technique. In this paper, data of two locations are used to predict short term forecasting of solar irradiation using seven developed models based on the proposed procedure. The use of hourly forecasting, CEEMDAN method, error minimization and ensemble hybrid model enhance the anti-interference capability of all developed model. Four-year data of New Delhi and Ahmedabad is used and sourced from NSRDB website. Out of all the proposed models CEEMDAN-CNN-BiLSTM-MLP with CEEMDAN_IMF_18 configured signal processing approach achieved least average RMSE, n-RMSE and MAE of both locations with values 13.215 W/m<sup>2</sup>, 7.13% and 8.605 W/m<sup>2</sup> respectively and have maximum average R<sup>2</sup> (99.205%). When compared to persistence model, proposed model with this configuration was able to outperform with average percentage improvement 87.63%, 86.78%, 87.17% and 17.875% in terms of , , and <sup> </sup> respectively. The proposed model outperforms existing techniques for solar irradiation forecasting, demonstrating greater efficiency and reliability, making it a valuable reference for future performance optimization.https://jser.ut.ac.ir/article_97119_39ff90e3d4f0b85c51dbb7ade2d271c2.pdfUniversity of TehranJournal of Solar Energy Research2588-30979120240101Analysis of Intra-String Line-Line Fault in Photovoltaic System178017939716910.22059/jser.2024.367117.1352ENHamid RezaParsaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran0009-0002-9393-260XMohammadSarviFaculty of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-9417-4727Journal Article20231022Line-to-line fault (LLF) is one of the most important fault occurring in photovoltaic (PV) systems. necessitating comprehensive investigation and analysis to develop optimal fault detection methodologies. This study focuses on analyzing a specific LLF variant known as intrastring line-to-line fault (ISLLF), wherein one or more modules within individual strings are short-circuited. The power-voltage (P-V) and current-voltage (I-V) curves of PV systems contain extensive data valuable for fault detection. Thus, exact analysis of these curves to extract various features is essential. The extremum points of P-V curve indicate the severity of occurred faults in PV system. In this paper, different states of triple and quadruple ISLLF are simulated and according to the obtained result, mathematical equations are presented for extremum values. Additionally, the performance of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller is evaluated, and the requisite constraints for optimal power selection using MPPT across different states of the P-V curves are presented. The derived equations suggest insights into accurately determining the severity and location of LLF occurrences.https://jser.ut.ac.ir/article_97169_7c45efa3b562ecec01c20ad21e375cf9.pdfUniversity of TehranJournal of Solar Energy Research2588-30979120240101Comparative Analysis of Polycarbonate and Glass Cover Configurations for Enhanced Thermal Efficiency in Flat Plate Solar Collectors for Water Heating179418109723410.22059/jser.2024.374268.1394ENThiagarajanChinnappanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Annamalai University, Tamilnadu, India0000-0003-4228-5086RaguramanC.MDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Annamalai University, Tamilnadu, India0000-0001-8792-7340RatchagarajaDhairiyasamyDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.0000-0001-7528-7585SilambarasanRajendranDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Annapoorana Engineering College, (Autonomous), Salem, Tamil Nadu, India0000-0003-4017-5940Journal Article20240402This study evaluates the thermal efficiency of flat plate solar collectors using Polycarbonate and Glass covers for solar water heating in India. Results indicated that the glass-covered solar collector achieved an average thermal efficiency of 50.5%, surpassing the Polycarbonate-covered collector's 46.1%. The glass cover resulted in a maximum water temperature increase of 9.1°C, compared to 8.7°C for Polycarbonate. Daily solar irradiance averaged 884.2 W/m² for the glass cover and 874.6 W/m² for the Polycarbonate cover. The glass-covered system generated a daily hot water yield averaging 150 liters at temperatures above 37°C, whereas the Polycarbonate system produced 140 liters under similar conditions. Over 10 tests, the glass-covered collector showed an average temperature gain (ΔT) of 9.1°C, compared to 8.7°C for Polycarbonate. The glass cover’s optical transmittance was 90%, compared to 85% for Polycarbonate, contributing to higher thermal performance. Despite Polycarbonate’s lower cost, its performance was hindered by higher thermal emittance and lower optical transmittance. The glass cover's stability and durability were further demonstrated, showing no signs of degradation after 10 months, unlike the Polycarbonate cover, which exhibited yellowing and scratching. These findings suggest that glass covers provide better long-term efficiency and performance for solar water heating systems.https://jser.ut.ac.ir/article_97234_4bf45d3fc8cdc303dd03d398df7dec09.pdfUniversity of TehranJournal of Solar Energy Research2588-30979120240101Conventional Solar Still Augmented with Saltwater Bottles: An Experimental Study181118219723310.22059/jser.2024.374131.1392ENPankajDumkaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Jaypee University of Engineering and Technology, A.B. Road, Raghogarh-473226, Guna, Madhya Pradesh, India0000-0001-5799-6468NiteshPandeyDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Jaypee University of Engineering and Technology, A.B. Road, Raghogarh-473226, Guna, Madhya Pradesh, India0009-0006-2878-075XDhananjay R.MishraDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Jaypee University of Engineering and Technology, A.B. Road, Raghogarh-473226, Guna, Madhya Pradesh, India0000-0002-5107-0012Journal Article20240318This article presents advancements in the working of Single slope conventional solar still (CSS) through the integration of saltwater bottles. The saltwater contained within these bottles (totalling 40 in number) is dyed black to enhance its solar radiation absorption ability. Using their high heat capacity, these bottles efficiently store solar energy during peak radiation hours, subsequently releasing it during the evening or nocturnal periods. Results have demonstrated a consistent increase in the temperature of water within the Modified solar still (MSS) compared to its typical counterpart, notably observed after 14:00 h. Moreover, the cumulative yield obtained from the MSS surpasses that of the CSS variant by 25.4%. Augmentation with saltwater bottles has increased the efficiency of MSS by 25% as compared to the CSS. Furthermore, incorporation of saltwater bottles results in a notable reduction in the cost of distillate production, with a decline of 20%, as compared to the CSS. The study emphasises how using saltwater bottles as thermal energy storage reservoirs in solar distillation systems could have real-world applications. The results offer important information on enhancing the effectiveness and economic viability of water purification, especially in areas where there are issues with water scarcity.https://jser.ut.ac.ir/article_97233_c39fc32a490fea126fe87ad1fcad63e3.pdfUniversity of TehranJournal of Solar Energy Research2588-30979120240101A Novel Methodology of Literature Review of a Flat Plate Liquid Solar Collector182218429727010.22059/jser.2024.371602.1374ENMohitBhargvaMechanical Engineering Department, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed To Be) University, Mullana, India0000-0001-6368-0144ParveenKumarVedantu Innovations Private Limited, Karnataka, India0009-0001-8963-7547MohitSharmaMechanical Engineering Department, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed To Be) University, Mullana0000-0001-5334-5545Neel KamalBatraMechanical Engineering Department, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed To Be) University, Mullana0000-0001-7889-2078Rishi KumarBehlDepartment of Agriculture, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed To Be) University, Mullana, India0009-0007-8880-575XJournal Article20240124In this study, a literature review in the area of flat plate liquid solar collector (FPLSC) is carried out using an effective and efficient approach. The approach is based on research issues and other attributes those affect the system performance. These issues and attributes are collected from the presently published literature. Attributes can be classified into different categories for better handling, storage and identification. In case of FPLSC, attributes are classified as general, operational, environmental, type of application, type of work, instruments used and others. An information matrix (IM) is developed between present literature and the attributes. It is shown that the IM is a powerful source to derive knowledge from the database of research publications using different tools of excel software and is very useful to the industrialists, designers and researchers. Moreover, the academic value of different papers and attributes is obtained in this study. By comparing information obtained from IM and cause & effect diagram the gaps in the existing literature are easily identified. The IM is easily stored in computers on excel sheet. The IM being flexible and comprehensive become an archive of FPLSC and a permanent asset to be updated and used in future research work.https://jser.ut.ac.ir/article_97270_fb92bd73b1ee241677980587c02aa61f.pdfUniversity of TehranJournal of Solar Energy Research2588-30979120240101Numerical Simulation of the Flow in a Concentric Double-Pipe Heat Exchanger with a Square Inner Pipe and a Circular Outer Pipe184318539723210.22059/jser.2024.370314.1368ENHamoonPourmirzaaghaDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Ramsar Branch, Ramsar, Iran0000-0002-6808-2757AlirezaYekrangi SendiDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Ramsar Branch, Ramsar, Iran.0000-0002-8951-9129SaeedJanzadeh Karat MahallehDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Ramsar Branch, Ramsar, Iran.Journal Article20231229Double-pipe heat exchangers are commonly used in various industries, including power plants, solar cells, refineries, and automotive. The double-pipe heat exchanger is one of the most used simple exchangers in the industry. In this study, we employ computational fluid dynamics to investigate the flow characteristics of nanofluids within a double-pipe heat exchanger featuring a square inner tube and a circular outer tube (SC). The simulations are conducted under constant heat flux conditions, exploring laminar and turbulent flow regimes. Numerical results for water flow under forced convection are compared with reference results for validation. The results indicate that as the Reynolds number increases, particularly in turbulent flow regimes, the Nusselt number in nanofluid flow increases more than in water flow. For instance, in the case of aluminum oxide nanofluid flow at a Reynolds number of 500, the Nusselt number demonstrates a nearly 5% enhancement over water flow. In contrast, at a Reynolds number of 20000, this enhancement escalates to approximately 20%. Three types of nanoparticles are considered to investigate the effect of nanoparticle type on heat transfer and pressure drop. The results show that the use of nanoparticles has a slight effect on the friction factor while significantly enhancing heat transfer.https://jser.ut.ac.ir/article_97232_416eb329faa1530d702747c918d6e6ea.pdf