University of Tehran Journal of Solar Energy Research 2588-3097 11 1 2026 01 01 Hybrid Electricity Generation System for The Gali Zakho Tunnel in Iraq: A Comparative Study of Different Configurations Using Homer Pro 2851 2866 106128 10.22059/jser.2026.406903.1672 EN Alan Ibrahim Saeed Environmental Science Department, College of Science, University of Zakho, Duhok, Iraq. Kamil Mansoor Yousif Department of Environmental Science, College of Science, University of Zakho, Duhok, Iraq Maiwan Bahjat Abdulrazzaq Department of Computer Science, University of Zakho, Dohuk, Iraq Journal Article 2025 11 24 This paper explores the feasibility of a renewable hybrid power plant for the Gali zakho highway tunnel in the north of Iraq. HOMER Pro was used to simulate, optimize, and evaluate the off-grid technical, economic, and environmental performances of seven hybrid system configurations. The investigations revealed that Case A (PV–Diesel–Battery) was the best configuration not only because of its lowest Net Present Cost ($ 6.68 M) but also because it has a Cost of Energy of $0.065/kWh, with an IRR of 18% and an ROI of 14% and a simple payback period of 5.2 years for a 25-year project lifetime. The system generated about 9,440,000 kWh a year, and PV panels accounted for 97.4% of the total, leading to a system renewable fraction of 94.8%, while the generating diesel accounted for only the remaining 2.6% by acting as a backup power source. The top-performing configuration reduced CO₂ emissions by nearly 3.7 million kg per year versus generators that ran on diesel alone and still delivered reliable power. These results validate the applicability of PV-biased hybrid systems for tunnel infrastructure and identify their potential contribution to sustainable energy development in northern Iraq. https://jser.ut.ac.ir/article_106128_39cbb3d931dafab4813b9e7edeaa9097.pdf